So this time he took the plug out of the power surge strip completely and plugged it into the wall and everything started working. But the power surge plug does still work but maybe not enough power for the computer.
First, a near zero protector can disconnect it protectors parts (to avert a fire) and still leaves both surge and AC power directly connected to your computer. If that tiny voltage loss causes computer shutdown, well, what determines that shutdown? A power controller.
Power controller decides when power turns on or off. It takes input requests from the front panel button and from the OS to decide what to do. But if it decided to power off on its own, then other hardware defects may be detected by that controller. So it powers off everything.
Second, a defect can be identified without all that above wild speculation using a meter and some requested instructions. That to eliminate a defect. Apparently intent is to only take data off that machine. If it keeps working temporarily, then the task is done. Disk drive also may be removed and connected to another computer to read that data.
Third, a protector strip is doing nothing useful. It does not claim to protect from surges that cause damage. Using any electronics without that strip does not increase risk of damage AND may even make damage less likely. Apparently its little voltage drop is aggravating a defect inside that computer. A defect detected by its power controller. A defect only identified by a simple tool (also used by a junior high school science student).
Strongly recommended is to not purchase another protector type strip. One without protector parts should be purchased. Then spend many times less money on something completely different that actually does claim to protect from destructive transients.